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State Space Analysis of Soil Water and Salinity Regimes in a Loam Soil Underlain by Shallow Groundwater

^a Dep. of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92507
^b George E. Brown, Jr. Salinity Lab., 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507
^c USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Lab., Fresno, CA 93727

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (A) Field measured profile-averaged water content, k, (B) bulk electrical conductivity, b, (C) irrigation input, and (D) estimated evapotranspiration (ET) during the growing season, 1997.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Observed and regression lines of groundwater recharge (+) and discharge (-) as a function of profile-averaged soil water content.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. (A) Time domain reflectometry measured and Kalman filter estimated profile-averaged soil water content (WC) and its estimation error and (B) Kalman filter estimated salt concentration (mg cm-3 soil) and its estimation error with weekly measurement update. The diamond symbol indicates the weekly water content measurement used to update the filter.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Estimated (A) daily groundwater flux and (B) salt flux.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Time domain reflectometry measured and Kalman filter (KF) estimated soil water electrical conductivity (ECw) and electrical conductivity of saturated extract (ECe) with weekly measurement update.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. (A) Time domain reflectometry measured and Kalman filter estimated profile-averaged soil water content (WC) and its estimation error and (B) Kalman filter estimated salt concentration (mg cm-3 soil) and its estimation error with biweekly measurement update. The diamond symbol indicates the biweekly water content measurement used to update the filter.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Time domain reflectometry measured and Kalman filter (KF) estimated soil water electrical conductivity (ECw) and electrical conductivity of saturated extract (ECe) with biweekly measurement update.