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Calibration of a Two-Dimensional Root Water Uptake Model

J. A. Vrugt^a, J. W. Hopmans^*,b and J. imunek^c

^a Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, Amsterdam, 1018 VZ
^b Hydrology Program, Dept. Land, Air and Water Resources (LAWR), University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
^c USDA Salinity Laboratory, University of California, Riverside, CA 95207, USA

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Representation of different root water uptake models, Sm(z), with depth.

View larger version (58K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Four different configurations of two-dimensional spatial distribution of potential root water uptake, ß(r,z).

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Schematic view of the experimental plot (after Koumanov et al., 1997).

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Soil surface boundary conditions during simulation period (Time 0 corresponds with 13 September).

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Optimized soil water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curves as obtained by the Simplex Algorithm optimization and measured (,h) using the multistep outflow method from soil cores taken at 30-cm depth at a nearby location and (K,) points, as obtained using the instantaneous profile method at a nearby location for the 30-cm soil depth.

View larger version (43K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Optimized spatial distribution of potential transpiration ß(r,z).

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Measured (open circles) and simulated (solid lines) water content values as a function of time across the measured spatial domain of the almond tree (C denotes calibration and V is validation).

View larger version (53K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Two-dimensional maps of simulated water content values (m3 m-3) and root water uptake (d-1) at three different times during the experimental period.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. (a) Components of the water balance, (b) Measured versus simulated soil water storage during the monitoring period.