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Simple

A model for simulation of plant emergence predicting the effects of soil tillage and sowing operations

INRA, Unité d'Agronomie, rue Fernand Christ, 02007 Laon Cedex, France

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Process chart of the simulation model SIMPLE. Italics = models. Roman = variables. Shaded = n iterations

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Flow chart of the numerical seedbed generator

View larger version (57K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Diagram of a three-dimensional numerical seedbed

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Flow chart of soil surface degradation and emergence submodel. P = emergence probability of sugar beet seedling. For loamy soils: P = 0.6, CRc = 12 mm, DRc1 = 5 mm, DRc2 = 3.5 mm, d = 3 (from Duval and Boiffin, 1994)

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Comparison of observed (two replicates: symbols) and simulated (line) germination rates

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Lengths of seedling path to the surface (black bars) observed and (white bars) simulated

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Comparison of observed (two replicates: symbols) and predicted (line) emergence rates