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Carbonation of Wood Ash Recycled to a Forest Soil as Measured by Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry

Dep. of Forest Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Ume, Sweden

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1 Process of ash Ca carbonation and dissolution in forest soil. The width of the solid arrows is approximately proportional to the order of magnitude of the corresponding reaction rates: Rate of carbonation (Rc) and dissolution rates Rdp and Rdc, for Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3, respectively

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2 Field carbonation of the center (R = 0) of ash granules. Average results for two time series are shown with application Day 0 (Time Series [TS] 2) and Day 5 (TS3). Error bars represent ± 1 SD, with n = 4. Regression lines are given for the initial 0 to 3 d after application

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3 Calcium concentration of ash granules (R = 0) at different fractions of carbonation, k. Average measured results (Time Series [TS] 2 and TS3) are compared with the theoretical model (solid line) based on m = mCaOH(1 + kg) + mres, where m is the dry mass of ash, mCaOH is the mass of Ca(OH)2, g is the mass gain factor when Ca(OH)2 converts into CaCO3, and mres is the mass of ash excluding Ca species

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4 Field carbonation of the center (R = 0; open symbols) and outer surface (R = 1; filled symbols) of ash granules. Average results for time series TS2 (circles; left scale) and TS3 (triangles; right scale) are shown. Significant differences between data for R = 0 and R = 1 are marked with the P value

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5 Carbon isotope ratios measured at the center (R = 0; open symbols) and outer surface (R = 1; filled symbols) of ash granules. Average results for time series TS2 (circles) and TS3 (triangles) are shown

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6 Oxygen isotope ratios measured at the center (R = 0; open symbols) and outer surface (R = 1; filled symbols) of ash granules. Average results for time series TS2 (circles) and TS3 (triangles) are shown