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Soil Nitrogen Mineralization Influenced by Crop Rotation and Nitrogen Fertilization

^a USDA-ARS, North Central Soil Conservation Research Lab., Morris, MN 56267 USA
^b USDA-ARS, Northern Grains Insect Research Lab., Brookings, SD 57006 USA
^c USDA-ARS, Central Plains Resources Management Research Lab., Akron, CO 80720-0400 USA

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1 (a) Daily mean temperature during incubation period in field soil at 15-cm depth under growing corn canopy compared with soil in filtration units in 17°C incubator and variable temperature incubator (VTI) mimicking field soil temperatures. (b) Detail of hourly temperature in VTI and 17°C incubators during incubation, Days 60 and 61

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2 (a) Accumulation of degree Celsius days >0°C and (b) mineralized N in soil taken from 0 to 20 cm in corn–soybean rotation with history of low N fertilization of 114 kg N ha-1. Subsamples were incubated at constant temperature of 35 or 17°C, or in the variable temperature incubator (VTI) mimicking field soil temperature at 15-cm depth under growing corn canopy. Bars on final data points of mineralized N indicate ± one standard error of the mean. Error bars not visible on VTI and 17°C because error bars are smaller than data points

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3 Nitrogen leached from filtration units after each of 11 incubation periods and average daily temperature during each incubation period. Net mineralized N data are the mean of duplicate soil samples from each of three field replicates of continuous corn (CC), corn–soybean (CS), and corn–soybean–wheat/alfalfa–alfalfa (CSWA) rotations managed at zero N (0N), low N (LN), or high N (HN) fertilization incubated at field soil temperature

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4 Initial inorganic N (NO3 + NH4) plus cumulative mineralized N extracted in repeated leachings during a 189-d incubation from 29 April to 4 Nov. 1998. Data are means of two duplicate soil samples from three replicates of continuous corn (CC), corn–soybean (CS), and corn–soybean–wheat/alfalfa–alfalfa (CSWA) rotations managed at zero N (0N), low N (LN), or high N (HN) fertilization incubated at field soil temperature. Error bars represent ± one standard error of the mean. For each measurement, bars within fertilizer or rotation treatment with the same letter are not significantly different according to Tukey's honestly significant difference (P < 0.05)

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5 Cumulative N mineralized, excluding initial inorganic N, vs. initial inorganic N (NO3 + NH4) in soil samples from continuous corn (CC), corn–soybean (CS), and corn–soybean–wheat/alfalfa–alfalfa (CSWA) rotations incubated 189 d at field soil temperature

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6 Total available N (cumulative net N mineralized plus initial inorganic N) from soils incubated at field soil temperature vs. total aboveground biomass uptake of N in corn grown in unfertilized continuous corn (CC), corn–soybean (CS), and corn–soybean–wheat/alfalfa–alfalfa (CSWA) rotations