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Recharge from a Subsidence Crater at the Nevada Test Site

^a Desert Research Institute, currently with the USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, 598 McElroy Dr., Oxford, MS 38655 USA
^b Harry Reid Center for Environmental Studies, P.O. Box 4009, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA
^c Desert Research Institute, Hydrologic Sciences Division, 755 E. Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA

View larger version (46K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1 Contour map of Crater U5a with sample locations along the transect identified by open circles and the location of the instrumented borehole identified by an X. Playa area is shadowed and contour values are reported in meters

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2 Water contents measured with a neutron moisture meter at (a) immediately outside the crater and (b) the playa center in the crater

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3 Particle-size analysis profiles at transect locations (a) 30, (b) 70, and (c) 120 m. Locations at 30 and 70 m are within the playa

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4 Diagram of the flow domain depicting boundary conditions, soil properties, and initial head, hm. The flow domain is radially symmetric around the left border, which corresponds with the location of the neutron probe borehole. Hydraulic properties for the loamy sand (LS), silt loam (SiL), and loam (L) are reported in Table 3

View larger version (42K): [in a new window]   Plate 1 Water content (m3 m-3) profiles at the end of infiltration of Pond Event 2, depicted for the surface to 20 m deep, predicted by HYDRUS-2D for 0.3-m heads extended laterally 5, 12, 15, and 20 m. The fine-grained playa material that extends 10 m laterally and 10 m deep is the yellow material, which is distinguished from the remaining coarse-grained material (no color) due to differences in water retention characteristics

View larger version (76K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5 Diagrams showing the domain and mesh for the simulations representing (a) original crater surface to the water table, and (b) present crater surface with sediment soil properties shown in (c) in which numbers refer to hydraulic properties listed in Table 3. Both flow domains are radially symmetric around their left borders, which correspond with the location of the neutron probe borehole

View larger version (95K): [in a new window]   Plate 2 Wetting front advancement illustrated by water content distribution (m3 m-3) for selected times following the infiltration of the 63000-m3 ponding event

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6 Water content profiles corresponding with the borehole location (15–30 m depths in Fig. 2) for selected times following the infiltration of the 63000-m3 ponding event

View larger version (49K): [in a new window]   Plate 3 Wetting front advancement illustrated by water content distribution (m3 m-3) of the multilayered sediment in the crater at (A) time 0, and after redistribution of (B) Pond 2, (C) Pond 6, and (D) Pond 13