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Degradation of ¹³C–U–Glucose in Sphagnum majus Litter

Responses to Redox, pH, and Temperature

^a Dep. of Forest Ecology, Swedish Univ. of Agric. Sci., S-901 83 Ume, Sweden
^b Dep. of Physical Chemistry, Univ. of Ume, S-901 87 Ume, Sweden
^c Pacific Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, 506 West Burnside Rd., Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8Z 1M5

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1 Solution NMR spectra of aerobically degraded 13C glucose in samples incubated for four weeks. Assignments are presented in Table 2 except for PS (Fig. 1D) which refers to resonance from polysaccharide C. A, unsupplemented sample with addition of 10 mM 13C glucose just before the NMR analysis. B, 15°C and pH 4.3; C, 25°C and pH 4.3; D, 15°C and pH 6.8 E, 25°C and pH 6.8. (=) and (= =) refers to monounsaturated C and polyunsaturated carbons, respectively. Note that the scale of relative intensity is magnified in fig. 1E and 1D

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5 Solid state NMR difference spectra of 13C–glucose supplemented samples incubated aerobically for four weeks at A, 15°C pH 4.3; B, 25°C and pH 4.3; C, 15°C and pH 6.8; D, 25°C and pH 6.8

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4 Solid state NMR spectra of A, composite sample without addition of glucose; B, pure 13C–glucose; C, normal spectrum, and D, difference spectrum (i.e. A subtracted from spectra C) of samples supplemented with glucose and incubated aerobically for four weeks at 25°C and pH 6.8. Spinning side bands of carboxyl C and 13C–glucose C are denoted as xx and x, respectively

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6 Carbon types identified by solid state NMR produced from the degradation of 13C–glucose in samples incubated under aerobic conditions at different pH and temperature conditions

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2 Solution NMR spectra of aerobically degraded 13C–glucose in samples incubated at 15°C and pH 6.8 after A, two weeks; B, three weeks; and C, four weeks. Assignments are presented in Table 2. (=) refers to monounsaturated carbons. Peak assignments 1 through 6 in the alkyl region between 14.3 ppm and 33.5 ppm refer to FA1 through FA6 in Table 2. Note that the scale of relative intensity is magnified in Fig. 2C

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3 Carbon types identified by solution NMR and CO2 produced from the degradation of 13C–glucose in the samples incubated aerobically for four weeks at A, 15°C and pH = 4.3; B, 25°C and pH = 4.3; C, 15°C and pH = 6.8; D, 25°C and pH = 6.8

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7 Solution state NMR spectra of anaerobically degraded 13C–glucose in samples after four weeks of incubation. Assignments are presented in Table 2. A, control sample with addition of 10 mM 13C–glucose just before the NMR analysis; B, 15°C and pH 4.3; C, 25°C and pH 4.3; D, 15°C and pH 6.8; E, 25°C and pH 6.8. Note that the scale of relative intensity is magnified in E and D

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8 Solution NMR spectra of anaerobically degraded 13C glucose in samples incubated at 15°C and pH 6.8 after A, two weeks; B, three weeks; and C, four weeks. Assignments are presented in Table 2. Note that the scale of relative intensity is magnified in C

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9 Solution state NMR spectra of anaerobically degraded 13C glucose in samples incubated at 25°C and pH 6.8 for A, two weeks; B, three weeks; and C, four weeks. Assignments are shown in Table 2. Note that the scale of relative intensity is magnified in C

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10 Carbon types identified by solution NMR or gas analysis produced from the degradation of 13C–glucose in samples incubated anaerobically at A, 15°C and pH 4.3; B, 25°C and pH 4.3; C, 15°C and pH 6.8; D, 25°C and pH 6.8. Note that the scale is magnified for some bars. Very low or zero amounts are written in the Figure for the specific compound

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11 Solid state NMR difference spectra of 13C–glucose supplemented samples incubated under anaerobic conditions four weeks at A, 15°C and pH 4.3; B, 25°C and pH 4.3; C, 15°C and pH 6.8; D, 25°C and pH 6.8. Spinning side bands of 13C–glucose C are denoted as x

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 12 Solid state NMR difference spectra of 13C glucose supplemented samples incubated under anaerobic conditions at 15°C and pH 6.8 for A, two weeks; B, three weeks; and C, four weeks. Spinning side bands of carboxyl C and 13C–glucose C are denoted as xx and x, respectively