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Acifluorfen Sorption, Degradation, and Mobility in a Mississippi Delta Soil

^a Dep. of Agronomy, Louisiana State Univ. Agricultural Center, 104 Madison Sturgis Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
^b USDA-ARS, Southern Weed Sci. Unit, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1 Acifluorfen sorption isotherms for three depth increments in Dundee conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT) soil. Curves show best-fits of the Freundlich model to each experimental isotherm

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2 Acifluorfen sorption kinetics for: (A) 0–10 cm, (B) 10–20 cm, and (C) 20–30 cm depth increments in Dundee conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT) soil. Curves show best-fits of the two-site equilibrium–kinetic model to each time-course data set. All data are relative to equilibrium sorption

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3 Degradation kinetics of acifluorfen in surface and subsurface Dundee conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT) soil. Lines show best-fits of the first-order model to each experimental data set

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4 Example Br elution curves from two intact soil columns showing the effect of preferential water flow. Curves are best-fits of the two-region mobile–immobile water model

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5 Effect of tillage on elution of acifluorfen pulses applied to the surface of intact columns of Dundee conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT) soil. Average relative concentrations are shown

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6 Predictions of acifluorfen elution from intact conventional till (CT) soil column 1 obtained when allowing for sorption kinetics or assuming sorption equilibrium compared with measured effluent concentrations. All concentrations in a curve are relative to the maximum concentration in that data set

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7 (A) Average predicted and measured effluent concentrations of acifluorfen from the intact soil columns. (B) Average predicted and measured concentrations of residual 14C (unextractable and extractable, exclusive of acifluorfen) in three depth increments of the soil columns

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8 (A) Simulation of acifluorfen elution from intact and no-till (NT) soil column 1 generated using best-fit values for kd in the 0–10 and 20–30 cm depths compared with measured effluent concentrations. (B) Distribution of residual 14C (unextractable and extractable, exclusive of acifluorfen) with depth obtained using best-fit values for kd compared with measured residual 14C