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Tortuosity of Crack Networks in Swelling Clay Soils

^a Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1 A schematic two-dimensional crack network image. The numbers indicate different types of separate cracks: 1, isolated cracks; 2, through-connected cracks; and 3, locally connected cracks

View larger version (77K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2 Two-dimensional images of crack networks in clay soils used for the experimental estimates of c, T2, and T3 (arranged in the order of decreasing connectedness c)

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7 Model predictions of the mean two- and three-dimensional tortuosities, T2 and T3, of an isotropic crack network in a swelling clay soil as functions of depth (for zm/zO = 10)

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4 Predicted mean planar tortuosity, T2, as a function of the mean crack network connectedness, c, and experimental data (numbers correspond to images in Fig. 2)

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3 Sketch of a fragment (ped) of an arbitrary convex shape, adjoining a cross-sectional surface from below. x > y > z are the dimensions of a fragment, and i is the random angle between the normal to the cross-section and the plane of an ith crack

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5 As in Fig. 4 for the mean spatial tortuosity, T3

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6 The mean three-dimensional tortuosity, T3, as a function of the two-dimensional tortuosity T2 (solid line) of an isotropic crack network and experimental data (points) from crack networks of clay soils (the numbers refer to soils shown in Fig. 2)