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SOIL PHYSICS

Errors in Water Retention Curves Determined with Pressure Plates

^a Dep. of AgroEnvironmental Science and Technology, Univ. of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
^b Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164

^* Corresponding author (marco.bittelli{at}unibo.it).

Pressure plates are commonly used to measure the soil water retention curve. Low plate and soil conductance, lack of plate–soil contact, and soil dispersion, however, make this method often unreliable at low water potentials. We investigated how errors in the determination of the water retention curve affect the soil hydraulic properties and the computation of plant-available water. We first determined soil water retention data for a silt loam soil using pressure plates only and a combination of pressure plates and a dew point meter. The two sets of soil water retention data were then analyzed using different models for describing the hydraulic properties. The soil water retention curves determined with the two methods deviated at potentials less than about –20 m H₂O, with the pressure plate apparatus data yielding larger water contents than the dew point meter at the same water potentials. These results indicate that soil water retention curves determined from pressure plates may be in error at potentials less than –20 m H₂O, which may lead to substantial errors in water flow calculations. These errors can be eliminated by using a combination of pressure plates and dew point measurements to determine the water retention curve.

Abbreviations: PPA, pressure plate apparatus only • PPADP, pressure plate apparatus plus dew point meter