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SOIL PHYSICS

Axisymetrical Infiltration in Soil Imaged by Noninvasive Electrical Resistivimetry

^a UMR 1091 INRA/AgroParisTech Environment and Arable Crops, Institut National de la Recherche, Agronomique/AgroParisTech, B.P. 01, F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
^b UMR 8148 IDES, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud XI, Bât. 504, Faculté des Sciences, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
^c Currently at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Ecological Engineering Lab. (ECOL), Station 2, GR A1 474, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland

^* Corresponding author (Yves.Coquet{at}agroparistech.fr).

To progress in the monitoring and understanding of soil water processes, geophysical methods can be helpful because they are noninvasive and as such do not disturb either the structure or the water dynamics of the soil. In this study we attempt to image water infiltration dynamics under a tension infiltrometer in a vertical two-dimensional (2D) plane using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Two-dimensional images of soil electrical resistivity at different times were obtained using a Wenner array with 32 electrodes and a 10-cm spacing during the infiltration of a Cl^– or Br^– solution at 0.36 and 0.34 M, respectively. This procedure allowed monitoring the development of the infiltration bulb through time. Both unipotential and multipotential infiltrations were performed and used to derive soil hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity values. Anion concentrations in soil samples taken after infiltration were compared with resistivity values obtained with ERT measurements. The axisymetrical pattern of the multipotential infiltration exhibited large distortions, well detected and imaged by the ERT and consistent with the anion concentration data. In general, images derived from 2D inversions of ERT measurements underestimated the depth of the infiltration bulb. Axisymetrical inversion software would be helpful for the interpretation of ERT data taken below tension disc infiltrometers. The ERT on a small scale seems a helpful and promising tool for deriving in situ soil hydraulic parameters and for monitoring infiltration processes without the need for placing sensors into the soil.

Abbreviations: 2D, two dimensional • 3D, three dimensional • ERT, electrical resistivity tomography • GPR, ground penetrating radar • HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography • RMSE, root mean square error • TDR, time domain reflectometry