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SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY

Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in an Eastern Corn Belt Soil: Nitrogen Source and Rotation

^a USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011-3120
^b Dep. of Agronomy, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054
^c USDA-ARS, National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054

^* Corresponding author (sbrouder{at}purdue.edu).

Soil C sequestration may mitigate increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. This study was conducted to assess chemical and physical fractions of total organic C (TOC) and total N (TN) as affected by land use, N fertilizer source, and rotation. Particulate organic matter (POM) and non-hydrolyzable C (NHC) fractions were measured in Drummer (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquoll) silty clay loam and Raub (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudoll) silt loam soil series during two growing seasons. Agroecosystems evaluated were continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (CC) and corn grown in rotation with soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merr.] (CS) both with urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN), CC with either spring or fall liquid swine manure (CCSM and CCFM, respectively), soybean in rotation with CSUAN (SC), and restored prairie grass (PG). In general, CCFM exhibited the largest soil C and N pools. In corn–soybean rotations, the TOC declined roughly 10% following SC but increased a comparable amount following CSUAN. The 2-yr corn–soybean rotation (SC and CSUAN) had a similar overall effect as CCUAN on TOC (ranging from 22 to 24 g C kg^–1 soil). When compared with CCUAN, PG soils were enriched in TOC, fine POM-C and NHC but not in N pools, reflecting soil C and N dynamics dominated by fine root turnover without fertilization and tillage. Comparison of soil C pools between treatments that differed in TOC revealed that newly sequestered C was preferentially allocated into POM supporting this fraction as an indicator of management effect on C sequestration.

Abbreviations: TOC, total organic carbon • TN, total nitrogen • POM, particulate organic matter • MAOM, mineral associated organic matter • NHC, nonhydrolyzable C • HC, hydrolyzable C • SOM, soil organic matter • UAN, urea-ammonium nitrate • SM, spring liquid swine manure • FM, fall liquid swine manure • CC, continuous corn • CS, corn phase of corn–soybean rotation • SC, soybean phase of corn–soybean rotation • CSR, average of the two phases of the corn–soybean rotation • PG, restored prairie grass • MANOVA, Multivariate analysis of variance • CV, coefficient of variation

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