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Nutrient Management & Soil & Plant Analysis

Nitrogen Recovery and Partitioning with Different Rates and Methods of Sidedressed Manure

^a Agric. & Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection & Food Research Centre, 1391 Sandford St., London, ON, N5V 4T3 Canada
^b R.C. Roy (deceased), Agric. & Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection & Food Research Centre, Delhi, ON, N4B 2W9 Canada

^* Corresponding author (ballb{at}agr.gc.ca)

Animal manure is an important source of N for crops in areas with intensive livestock production. Variable manure N availability can incite over-application of manure or supplemental fertilizer leading to low N recovery and possible negative environmental and economic impacts. To improve manure N use efficiency, the effects of rate and method of sidedress application of liquid swine (Sus scrofa) manure (LSM) on N recovery by corn (Zea mays L.) were determined. We used in-row injection (INJ) or topdressing (TD) to sidedress LSM from 1999 to 2002 at rates ranging from 0 to 93.5 m³ ha^–1, and measured grain N uptake and NO₃–N in drainage tile water, stalks, and topsoil postharvest. Apparent recovery of manure total N (LSM-N) ranged from 0 to 57% and was greatest with injection of 37.4 m³ ha^–1 (194 kg LSM-N ha^–1). Injection rate to achieve 95% of maximum grain yield averaged 216 kg LSM-N ha^–1 over 4 yr. Transport of LSM-N to ground- and surface waters was minimized when sidedressed at or below rates for optimal yield. When injected N exceeded crop demand, NO₃–N increased to over 10 mg kg^–1 in topsoil, 20 mg L^–1 in drainage water, and to excessive (3.6 g kg^–1) levels in stalks. Due to greater LSM-N recovery, injection (59%) is recommended rather than topdress (41%) for sidedress application of manure.

Abbreviations: INJ, inject • LSM, liquid swine manure • LSM-N, liquid swine manure total N • N_inorg, soil inorganic N • PSNT, presidedress nitrate test • TD, topdress

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