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Soil Chemistry

Sorption and Desorption of Ammonium from Liquid Swine Waste in Soils

^a Dep. of Natural Resources & Environmental Design, North Carolina A&T State Univ., Greensboro, NC 27411
^b Dep. of Crop and Soil Science, 3111 Miller Plant Sciences Bldg., The Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7272
^c Dep. of Agronomy, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66502-5501

^* Corresponding author (kxia{at}uga.edu)

Understanding the sorption and desorption behavior of NH₄⁺ in soils associated with animal waste is important because of the potential for the formation of NO₃^– and subsequent leaching that affects ground water quality. Batch equilibration experiments were conducted to evaluate the sorption and desorption of NH₄⁺ in two soils exposed to a complex matrix (liquid swine waste) and a simple matrix [aqueous solution of 0.01 M CaCl₂ containing (NH₄)₂SO₄]. Kennebec silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Cumulic Hapludolls) and Haynie very fine sandy loam (coarse-silty, mixed, calcareous, mesic Mollic Udifluvents) were used. This study revealed that the sorption and desorption behavior of NH₄⁺ in soils exposed to (NH₄)₂SO₄ solutions with a 0.01 M CaCl₂ matrix is significantly different from that in soils exposed to liquid swine waste. Faster sorption rate, lower sorption capacity, and higher desorption capability were observed for NH₄⁺ in soils exposed to the (NH₄)₂SO₄ solution compared with soils exposed to the liquid swine waste. Sequential extraction could not extract nonexchangeable NH₄⁺ in both soils exposed to liquid swine waste, while a significant amount of nonexchangeable NH₄⁺ was extracted from the two soils that were initially exposed to the (NH₄)₂SO₄ solutions. The high dissolved organic C (DOC) content coupled with the high pH in swine waste appears to stimulate the sorption and retard desorption of NH₄⁺ in the two soils. This study revealed that batch equilibrium studies using solutions with simple matrixes may underestimate the sorption or overestimate desorption of NH₄⁺ in soils associated with swine waste.

Abbreviations: CAO, concentrated animal operations • DOC, dissolved organic C • EC, electrical conductivity • SOC, soil organic C • SOM, soil organic matter

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