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Nutrient Management & Soil & Plant Analysis

Recovery of Residual Fertilizer-N and Cotton Residue-N by Acala and Pima Cotton

^a 9611 S. Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 936438
^b Dep. of Agronomy and Range Science, Univ. of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616
^c Dep. of Plant Science, California State Univ. Fresno, 2415 E. San Ramen Ave., Fresno, CA 93740
^d Univ. of California, Shafter Research and Extension Center, 17053 N. Shafter Ave., Shafter CA 93263

^* Corresponding author (ffritschi{at}fresno.ars.usda.gov)

Little is known about the availability of residual fertilizer-N and cotton (Gossypium spp.) residue-N to subsequent crops. This study determined the effects of two soil types and N fertilization rates on the recovery of residual ¹⁵N-fertilizer and ¹⁵N from labeled cotton residue in the soil and plants of subsequent cotton crops. Microplots in the San Joaquin Valley, California, on a Panoche clay loam [fine-loamy, mixed (calcareous), thermic Typic Terriorthents] and a Wasco sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, nonacid, thermic Typic Torriorthents) were used to trace the fate of ¹⁵N from labeled aboveground cotton residue separately from the ¹⁵N in roots and soil. Total ¹⁵N-fertilizer recovery in the second year after application averaged 5.8% for Acala (G. hirsutum L.) and 2.9% for Pima (G. barbadense L.) cotton. In the third year after application, total ¹⁵N-fertilizer recovered by Acala averaged 2.0% on the clay loam soil and 3.3% on the sandy loam. Most of this recovered ¹⁵N-fertilizer was cycled through soil pools and roots and only small amounts originated from labeled aboveground residue. Virtually all of the ¹⁵N applied in the form of labeled aboveground residue and recovered in the soil was found in the top 0.3 m. The ¹⁵N-fertilizer which cycled through belowground pools was found mainly in the top 0.6 m of the soil. Recovery of residual ¹⁵N-fertilizer appears to contribute little to total cotton N uptake in the second and third crop after application.

Abbreviations: CEC, cation exchange capacity