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DIVISION S-8—NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT & SOIL & PLANT ANALYSIS

Mobility and Lability of Phosphorus from Granular and Fluid Monoammonium Phosphate Differs in a Calcareous Soil

^a CSIRO Land and Water, PMB 2 Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
^b Agriculture Victoria, Victorian Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Natimuk Rd, PB 260, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia
^c South Australian Research and Development Institute, Minnipa Agricultural Centre, PO Box 31, Minnipa SA 5654, Australia

^* Corresponding author (enzo.lombi{at}csiro.au).

Phosphorus availability is a major factor limiting crop production in highly calcareous soils. Recent field trials on calcareous soils in southern Australia have shown that fluid fertilizers may provide a useful alternative to granular fertilizer products. Fluid sources of P enhance P uptake and yield when compared with granular fertilizers applied at the same rate. This work aimed to compare the behavior of one fluid (technical grade monoammonium phosphate, TG-MAP) and one granular (monoammonium phosphate, MAP) form of P fertilizer in a highly calcareous soil. Changes in soil pH, P diffusion, solubility, and lability (using isotopic dilution techniques) were determined at different distances from the point of application over 5 wk. Furthermore, reaction products in MAP granules were investigated using spectroscopic techniques. The results indicated that P from fluid TG-MAP diffused more and was more available than P supplied as granular MAP. Also, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalyses (EDXMA) of the MAP granules indicated that a significant percentage (12%) of the initial P remained in the granules even after 5 wk of incubation in the soil. The enhanced P availability of fluid fertilizers observed in field trials compared with granular forms is discussed in relation to differences in the dissolution, diffusion, and reaction processes in soils.

Abbreviations: APP, ammonium polyphosphate • DAP, diammonium phosphate • EDXMA, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis • FAO, Food and Agricultural Organization • MAP, monoammonium phosphate • TG, technical grade • TSP, triple superphosphate • XRD, X-Ray diffraction

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