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DIVISION S-10—WETLAND SOILS

Nitrogen Distribution in Soils of Constructed Wetlands Treating Lagoon Wastewater

^a USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, 2611 W. Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501
^b College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Animal Waste Management Programs, Box 7927, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695

^* Corresponding author (szogi{at}florence.ars.usda.gov).

Constructed wetlands have the potential to be used for treatment of N-rich livestock wastewater. Our objectives were to evaluate both the time effect and increasing N loading rates on soil N distribution and NH⁺₄–N concentration in surface-pore water of constructed wetlands. A 5-yr study in North Carolina investigated two wetland systems that treated swine lagoon wastewater. Wetland System 1 was planted to a Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volkart ex Schinz & R. Keller, S. tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla, Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth, and Juncus effusus L. plant community, and Wetland System 2 was planted to a Typha angustifolia L., T. latifolia L., and Sparganium americanum Nutt. plant community. Nitrogen loading rates were increased annually from 0.6 to 2.7 g m^-2 d^-1. Soils were analyzed for total N annually. Surface-pore water was sampled with equilibrators and analyzed for NH⁺₄–N. Although the total N accumulation significantly increased with time in both systems, total soil N accumulation by depth did not differ significantly between systems. Distribution profiles in the surface-pore water column showed that NH⁺₄–N was transported upward into surface water at N loading rates from 1.2 to 2.7 g m^-2 d^-1. As total N loading rates increased annually in both wetland systems, soil pore water had higher levels of NH⁺₄–N but N removal efficiency of the wetlands sharply decreased. Accumulation of high levels of NH⁺₄–N (>200 mg L^-1) in soil pore water could negatively affect long-term ability of wetland systems to treat wastewater with high N levels.

Abbreviations: NRCS, Natural Resource Conservation Service • ORP, oxido-reduction potential • TKN, total Kjeldahl N

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