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DIVISION S-1—SOIL PHYSICS

Modeling Soil Water Redistribution during Second-Stage Evaporation

^a Center for Atomoshperic Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668
^b Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1325

^* Corresponding author (ayman.suleiman{at}hamptonu.edu)

Calculating the dynamics of soil water content () near the surface and modeling soil water evaporation (E_s) are critical for many agricultural management strategies. This study was performed to develop a model to simulate soil water redistribution during second-stage evaporation (SSE). In this model, the daily change of was estimated from the difference between the initial (_i) and air-dry (_ad), multiplied by a conductance coefficient (C). The C represents the fraction of the remaining soil water (_i - _ad) that can be removed in 1 d during SSE and is a power function of soil depth. Testing the dependency of C and (the slope of cumulative evaporation [E_c] vs. square root of time [t^1/2]) on soil characteristics was done using theoretical and laboratory data. Then the whole model was evaluated in laboratory and field conditions by measuring for different soils at different depths during SSE. Linear relationships with zero intercept were found between and drained upper limit (_dul) with slope and r² = 1.19 and 0.69 and 1.39 and 0.95 for laboratory and theoretical data, respectively. Conductance coefficient and _dul were correlated with r² > 0.9. Root mean square error (RMSE) between measured and estimated in the field was highest (0.014 cm³ cm^-3) at depths of 3 and 6 cm and lowest (0.005 cm³ cm^-3) at the 9-cm depth. The model gave reasonable estimates of both water redistribution and E_s during SSE and is expected to work well for soils for which the diffusivity theory holds.

Abbreviations: C, conductance coefficient • DOY, day of year • DSSAT, Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer • E_c, cumulative evaporation • E_s, soil water evaporation • PVC, polyvinyl chloride • SSE, second-stage evaporation • , soil water content • _ad, air-dry soil water content • _dul, drained upper limit soil water content • _i, initial soil water content

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