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DIVISION S-6—SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION

Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity and Its Impact on Simulated Runoff for Claypan Soils

^a Dep. of Soil and Atmospheric Sciences, Univ. of Missouri-Columbia, 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, MO 65211
^b USDA-ARS, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia,Columbia, MO 65211
^c Dep. of Biological Engineering, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, 269 Agricultural Engineering Building, Columbia, MO 65211

* Corresponding author (hb91d{at}mizzou.edu)

Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_sat) is an essential parameter for understanding soil hydrology. This study evaluated the K_sat of in situ monoliths and intact cores and compared the results with other studies for Missouri claypan soils. These K_sat values were used as runoff-model inputs to assess the impact of K_sat variation on simulated runoff. Lateral in situ K_sat of the topsoil was determined on 250 by 500 by 230 mm deep monoliths. These values were compared with the K_sat of 76 by 76 mm diam. intact cores with and without bentonite to seal macropores. Mean (± SD) lateral in situ K_sat was 72 ± 0.7 mm h^-1 and mean intact core K_sat without bentonite was 312 ± 58 mm h^-1. The mean intact core K_sat without bentonite was significantly larger than the lateral in situ K_sat (P = 0.03). The lateral in situ K_sat was not different from core K_sat with bentonite (71 ± 1.1 mm h^-1). The intact core K_sat with bentonite differed from previous studies by 10 times. This was attributed to the variations in soil depth to claypan, macropore presence, and methodology. The impact of using an effective hydraulic conductivity (K_eff) computed from measured K_sat on intact cores without bentonite underestimated the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) simulated runoff by 28% for a measured runoff event of 40 mm. The core K_sat with bentonite was correlated with measured runoff from long-term erosion-runoff plots. A quadratic regression explained 95% of the variability between measured and simulated runoff.

Abbreviations: EC, electrical conductivity • K_eff, effective hydraulic conductivity • K_sat, saturated hydraulic conductivity • REV, representative elementary volume • SAR, Na adsorption ratio • WEPP, Water Erosion Prediction Project

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