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a Dep. of Soil and Agri-Food Engineering, Laval Univ., Ste-Foy, QC, Canada G1K 7P4
b Dep. of Soil Science, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
c Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Farm, Normandin, QC, Canada G8M 4K3
* Corresponding author (Simardrr{at}umanitoba.ca)
The knowledge of P transformations is essential to understand the P behaviour in soils. Organic (Po) and inorganic (Pi) P fractions were obtained from the 0- to 30- and 30- to 90-cm layers of a Labarre silty clay (fine, mixed, frigid, Humic Cryaquept) by a sequential extraction. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) monoculture and 3-yr barley-forage rotation as main plots, and two nutrient sources (mineral fertilizer and liquid dairy manure) as subplots were studied. Path analysis was used to describe soil P transformations between the falls of 1989 and 1997. Nutrient source was the main factor affecting P transformations in the 0- to 30-cm soil layer, whereas crop rotation predominated in the subsoil. Pathways differed more for Po than for Pi pools. In the 0- to 30-cm soil layer, 86 to 97% of the variation in resin-P was the direct effect of added Pi. The NaHCO3-Pi and Po were sensitive to crop rotations and nutrient sources, and were transitory pools of soil P. The NaOH-Pi was a sink for added Pi and a source of NaHCO3-Pi. Labile Pi tended to store as NaOH-Po, which was the sink for added Po and immobilized soil Pi in the mineral fertilizer systems. Conversely, the NaOH-Po was mineralized and contributed to labile Pi in dairy manure systems. The NaOH-Po acted as store of subsoil Po in the monoculture but was the main source of labile P in the rotation systems. The P transformations in this Cryaquept were strongly influenced by nutrient sources and crop rotations.
Abbreviations: LDM, liquid dairy manure • LS, lignosulfate • M, barley monoculture • MIN, mineral fertilizer • Pi, inorganic P • Po, organic P • R, barley-forage rotation
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