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DIVISION S-6—SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION

State-Space Description of Field Heterogeneity

Water and Nitrogen Use in Cotton

^a Texas A&M Univ., current address: Dept. of Soil Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695
^b Texas A&M University–USDA-ARS, 3810 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79415
^c Texas A&M University, 1509 Aggie Drive, Beaumont, TX 77713
^d Texas A&M Univ., Rt. 3, Box 219, Lubbock, TX 79403
^e Economics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409

* Corresponding author (r-lascano{at}tamu.edu)

Field heterogeneity in soil texture and site elevation (SE) may affect crop water and N use. A 2-yr (1998–1999) study was conducted on the Texas High Plains to determine the interdependence between management (irrigation and N fertilization), soil heterogeneity (texture, soil water, and NO₃-N) and topography, and their impact on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lint yield and N uptake. Treatments were irrigation at 50 and 75% estimated cotton evapotranspiration (ET) and N rates at 0, 90, and 135 kg ha^-1. Soil water content (SWC), lint yield, N uptake, and N fertilizer recovery, measured as a function of management and space, were higher on low positions. Mixed model analysis showed that irrigation was significant on SWC, lint yield, and N uptake (P < 0.05) each year. The N treatment had no effect on lint yield or N uptake in 1998 because of high soil residual NO₃-N, and the model residual was significant for all measured variables (P < 0.0001). Sand, SWC, lint yield, and N uptake were negatively correlated with SE (r -0.64). In 1998, lint yield, SWC, clay, sand, and SE were cross correlated within 60 to 80 m. Multivariate state-space analysis showed that lint yield at position i was weighted on lint yield, SWC, clay, sand, and SE at previous position i - 1. It is concluded that 75% ET and N rate at 90 kg ha^-1 would be the basis to consider variable water and N rates related to field conditions, and the state-space model quantified spatial interdependence between irrigation, fertilization, and field heterogeneity.

Abbreviations: ET, evapotranspiration • ICB, incomplete block design • LEPA, Low Energy Precision Application • RE, relative elevation • SD, standard deviation • SE, site elevation • SWC, soil water content

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