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DIVISION S-2—SOIL CHEMISTRY

Ammonium–Potassium–Calcium Exchange on Vermiculite and Hydroxy-aluminum Vermiculite

Iowa State University, Dep. of Agronomy, Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science, Ames, IA 50011-1010

* Corresponding author (vevangel{at}iastate.edu)

Binary and ternary cation-exchange reactions involving NH⁺₄, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ on vermiculite and hydroxy-Al interlayered vermiculite (HIV) were investigated. In the case of vermiculite, NH₄-Ca exchange was nearly indistinguishable from the nonpreference isotherm while HIV exhibited preference for NH⁺₄. The presence of K⁺ had significant suppressing impact on the apparent NH⁺₄ selectivity in NH₄-Ca exchange in HIV most likely because of retardation of Ca²⁺ diffusion in the interlayer. For vermiculite, the presence of K⁺ in the NH₄-Ca system induced apparent high affinity sites for NH⁺₄ most likely because of interlayer collapse. The overall study demonstrated that cation-exchange selectivity coefficients in vermiculite and HIV are dependent on number and type of cations present.

Abbreviations: HIV, hydroxy-Al interlayered vermiculite • HAP, hydroxy-Al polymer • Ex_i, sum of exchangeable cations • CEC, cation-exchange capacity • AR_NH4, ammonium activity ratio • CR_NH4, ammonium concentration ratio • AR_K, K activity ratio • CR_K, K concentration ratio • E_Ca, equivalent fraction of Ca on the exchange phase • E_NH4, equivalent fraction of ammonium on the exchange phase • E_K, equivalent fraction of K on the exchange phase • d-H₂O, distilled water

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