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DIVISION S-8 - NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT & SOIL & PLANT ANALYSIS

Taxonomic and Geographic Distribution of Total Phosphorus in Florida Surface Soils

^a Institute of Geography and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
^b Soil and Water Science Dept., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0290

* Corresponding author (mchen{at}gnv.ifas.ufl.edu)

Taxonomic and geographic distributions of background P concentrations are important in assessing whether a soil P level is influenced by anthropogenic activities. This study was conducted to establish an upper baseline concentration (UBC) of soil P, which is defined as 97.5% of the background concentration, using 448 geographically and pedogenically representative Florida surface soils (genetic horizon A, A1, Ap, O, O1 or Op) using total P as determined by the USEPA Method 3052 (HCl–HNO₃–HF digestion). A significant difference existed in total P concentrations between disturbed (126 mg kg^-1, n = 180) and undisturbed (60 mg kg^-1, n = 268) soils. Geometric mean (GM) concentration of total P in the undisturbed soils decreased in the order of Histosols (350 mg kg^-1) > Mollisols (171 mg kg^-1), Inceptisols (140 mg kg^-1) > Ultisols (88 mg kg^-1) > Alfisols (54 mg kg^-1), Entisols (53 mg kg^-1) > Spodosols (24 mg kg^-1). Aquic suborders tended to have greater P contents than the dry suborders, e.g., Aquents (92 mg kg^-1) > Psamments (47 mg kg^-1) and Aquods (27 mg kg^-1) > Orthods (14 mg kg^-1). Total P estimation based on digitized taxonomic soil maps suggested that native soil properties were primary factors in controlling total P in soils. The wide occurrence of P bearing parent materials resulted in many soils having high P concentrations. Twenty-four P-elevated samples from the disturbed soils were identified using the UBC of P for the undisturbed soils at suborder level as reference criterion. Anthropogenic P inputs were related to commercial PO₄–fertilizer application and population growth as nonpoint sources.

Abbreviations: GM, geometric mean • GSD, geometric standard deviation • muid, map unit identifier • STATSGO, state soil geographic database • UBC, upper baseline concentration

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