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Soil Science Society of America Journal 65:1164-1172 (2001)
© 2001 Soil Science Society of America


DIVISION S-4—SOIL FERTILITY & PLANT NUTRITION

A Soil Organic Nitrogen Fraction that Reduces the Need for Nitrogen Fertilization

R. L. Mulvaney*,a, S. A. Khana, R. G. Hoeftb and H. M. Brownc

a Dep. of Natural Resources and Environ. Sci
b Dep. of Crop Sci., Univ. of Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
c Growmark, 1701 Towanda Ave., Bloomington, IL 61701

* Corresponding author (mulvaney{at}uiuc.edu)

The need to estimate mineralization has long been recognized in making N fertilizer recommendations, but little progress has thus far been made in identifying a specific fraction of soil organic N that affects crop responsiveness to N fertilization. After eliminating major defects in the methodology employed to fractionate the N in soil hydrolysates, a study was conducted to compare N-distribution analyses for soils differing in N-fertilizer responsiveness by corn (Zea mays L.). Hydrolyses with 6 M HCl were performed on composite soil samples (0–30 cm) that had been collected in late March or early April of 1990, 1991, or 1992, from 18 sites in a N-response study involving 75 site–years throughout Illinois with different soil types, crop rotations, and N management practices. Concentrations of amino sugar N were 33 to 1000% greater (P < 0.001) for 11 nonresponsive than for seven responsive soils, whereas no consistent difference was observed in their content of total hydrolyzable N, hydrolyzable NH4–N, or amino acid N. Upon aerobic incubation for 3 mo with biweekly leaching, production of (NH4 + NO3 + NO2)-N averaged 260% greater for three nonresponsive soils than for two responsive soils, and was accompanied by a net decrease in amino sugar N but not in amino acid N. Soil concentrations of amino sugar N were very highly correlated with check-plot yield (r = 0.79***) and fertilizer-N response (r = -0.82***). On the basis of amino sugar N, all 18 soils were classified correctly as responsive (<200 mg kg-1) or nonresponsive (>250 mg kg-1) to N fertilization.

Abbreviations: LSD, least significant difference • PPNT, preplant NO3 test • PSNT, presidedress NO3 test




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