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DIVISION S-8-NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT & SOIL & PLANT ANALYSIS

Nitrous Oxide Emission from an Agricultural Soil Fertilized with Liquid Swine Waste or Constituents

Dep. of Environmental Science and Engineering, C.B. #7400, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400 USA

steve_whalen{at}unc.edu

Large scale swine production facilities that land-apply liquid waste are rapidly expanding in the southeastern USA. This study evaluated controls on N₂O emission in a Goldsboro loamy sand (fine-loamy thermic, aquic Typic Paleudult) receiving field in North Carolina that was planted to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two experiments were conducted in April–May 1997 where field plots were fertilized with liquid swine waste, individual chemical constituents of waste (NH₄, available C), NO₃, or deionized water. Temporal changes in N₂O efflux and soil physicochemical properties were assessed over 8 and 11 d.. Treatments that included N (75–165 kg ha^-1) showed N₂O fluxes exceeding 4000 µg N₂O–N m^-2 h^-1 within 1 d of fertilization, but emissions declined to prefertilization values (10–25 µg N₂O–N m^-2 h^-1) within a few days as soils drained. Treatments that did not include N (deionized water, glucose) showed no increase in N₂O emission over unfertilized controls. Time-integrated N₂O emission was significantly lower for plots amended with swine waste (8.5 mg N₂O–N m^-2) compared with plots comparably fertilized with NH₄–N plus glucose-C (20.8 mg N₂O–N m^-2), suggesting that some component of the waste adversely affected the microbial N cycling community. The immediate increase in N₂O emission following fertilization and accumulation of NO₃–N without lag indicated that repeated fertilization throughout the growing season maintained active and responsive nitrifying and denitrifying communities. Percentage fertilizer loss to N₂O to the point where fluxes had returned to prefertilization values was low, <1.0%. However, simulated rainfall gave pulsed N₂O emission from denitrification of accumulated NO^-₃–N, indicating that further emissions will occur with an increase in soil moisture.

Abbreviations: WFPS, water-filled pore space • dw, dry weight • HSD, Honestly Significant Difference • NH₄, NH₄–N • C, glucose-C • NC, NH₄–N plus glucose-C • W, liquid swine waste • CT, control • H2O, deionized water • NH4L, 300 mg NH₄–N L^-1 • NH4H, 600 mg NH₄–N L^-1 • NO₃ L, 300 mg NO₃–N L^-1 • NO3H, 600 mg NO₃–N L^-1

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