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DIVISION S-1-SOIL PHYSICS

Nitrate Leaching in a Tile-Drained Silt Loam Soil

^a Wageningen Univ. and Research Centre, Res. Inst. for Agrobiology and Soil Fertility, P.O. Box 14, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
^b Dep. of Soil Sci., Campus Box 7619, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7619 USA
^c Wageningen Univ. and Res. Centre, Dep. of Agric., Environ., and Systems Technol., Dreijenplein 4, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands

j.a.devos{at}alterra.wagur.nl

Nitrate (NO₃) leaching was studied for a winter leaching period in a layered calcareous silt loam with tile-drains at about 1-m depth and 12-m spacing. Groundwater levels, drain discharge rates, and NO₃ concentrations in the drainage water were monitored, and the soil hydraulic characteristics were measured for the different soil layers. The data were interpreted using the two-dimensional water flow and solute transport model SWMS_2D. This model uses Darcy's law for water flow and the convection–dispersion equation for solute transport for both the saturated and unsaturated zones. A nitrogen-production term of 39 kg N ha^-1 was used to account for the net N mineralization in the topsoil during the leaching period. The model was calibrated by varying the hydraulic conductivity at saturation (K_s) for the different soil layers, using the measured groundwater level–drain discharge rate relationship as calibration target. Peaks in NO₃ concentrations in the drainage water are well explained by the temporal two-dimensional behavior of convective transport. Measured NO₃ leaching was 11 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1 and simulated NO₃ leaching was 15 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1 in the relatively dry winter leaching period 1991–1992. The two-dimensional transport model SWMS_2D is a useful tool to evaluate the relative effects of management practices to reduce N leaching.

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