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DIVISION S-2-SOIL CHEMISTRY

Phosphorus Fractions and Fate of Phosphorus-33 in Soils under Plowing and No-Tillage

^a Crop and Soil Sci. Dep., 286 Plant and Soil Sci. Bldg., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824 USA

daroub{at}pilot.msu.edu

Minimum tillage may alter soil P fractions through the application of P fertilizers and the deposition of organic matter on the surface rather than being incorporated into the soil. This study was conducted to determine whether no-tillage (NT) systems affected soil organic and inorganic P fractions and the transformation of P from residues applied to soils. Surface soils (0–2 cm) under NT and conventional tillage (CT) were sampled from three long-term research sites. Inorganic and organic P was measured in the NaHCO₃, microbial, NaOH, NaOH after sonication, HCl, and residual fractions extracted sequentially. Soybean (Glycine max L.) residues labeled with ³³P were added to soils, incubated, and extracted periodically, and ³³P was counted in the different P fractions. Levels of ³¹P in NT were higher in some of the fractions compared with CT; however, there was no consistency in ³¹P fractionation across soil types due to tillage in any of the inorganic and organic fractions. At the start of incubation, 56 to 82% of the applied ³³P was extracted in the resin fraction in the three soils. Resin-³³P followed a three-parameter single exponential decay model with a corresponding increase in other pools depending on soil. The increase in these pools followed a quadratic model in the three soils. By the end of the incubation period, the NaOH fraction accounted for the majority of the ³³P released from the labile resin pool. An increase in the calcium phosphate pool occurred in the calcareous soil. Tillage had no effect on the fate of ³³P released from soybean residues during the incubation period.

Abbreviations: CT, conventional tillage • KBS, Kellogg Biological Station • MSU, Michigan State University • NT, no-tillage • Pi, inorganic phosphorus • Po, organic phosphorus

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