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a Dipartimento di Scienze Chimico-Agrarie, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
b Dep. of Soil Science, Univ. of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
alpiccol{at}unina.it
Little is known about the effects of the individual components of organic matter (OM) on aggregate stability (AS). We hypothesized that AS of a Typic Haplustalf from which native OM was either removed or retained would be affected by incubation periods and application rates of a hydrophilic polysaccharide gum (G) and a hydrophobic stearic acid (S) with or without pretreatment with a hydrophobic humic acid (HA). Removal of OM reduced AS of unmodified soil by 
40 and 20% after soil incubation for 7 and 40 d, respectively. In both soil samples, AS was best at the highest rate of G (5.0 g kg-1). Its effect was better on Soil A (where OM was removed) than Soil B (where OM was retained) but diminished rapidly during 40 d. At this rate, G increased AS by 750% in Soil A and by 335% in Soil B compared with no addition. With S, aggregate stability increased more with time in Soil B than in Soil A. Its maximum effect was also at the highest application rate (5.0 g kg-1), where AS increased 100% on Soil A and 131% on Soil B. At the highest rate (0.2 g kg-1), HA increased AS by 73% on Soil B and 27% on Soil A. The effect of HA alone did not vary with time. Soil pretreatment with HA before addition of G reduced significantly both the state of aggregation and AS of both soils. The reverse occurred when HA was applied before S. After 40 d, S+HA increased AS in Soil B by 34%, whereas G and G+HA decreased AS by 14 and 4%, respectively. We found that soil AS was improved and maintained with time more by hydrophobic than by hydrophilic components of organic matter. Long-lasting aggregate stability of soils can be thus achieved by addition of hydrophobic humic material with hydrophobic organic wastes.
Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance • AS, aggregate stability • G, polysaccharide gum (hydrophilic) • G+HA, gum added to soil pretreated with HA • HA, humic acid (hydrophobic) • OM, organic matter • S, stearic acid (hydrophobic) • S+HA, stearic acid added to soil pretreated with HA • SOM, soil organic matter • WSA, water-stable aggregates
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