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DIVISION S-7-FOREST & RANGE SOILS

Revegetation and Nitrate Leaching from Lake States Northern Hardwood Forests Following Harvest

^a School of Natural Resources & Environment, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1115 USA

drzak{at}umich.edu

The sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall)–red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and sugar maple–basswood (Tilia americana L.) ecosystems are Lake States forests that differ in net nitrification (5 and 15 g N m^-2 yr^-1, respectively), but experience equivalent rates of NO^-₃ leaching following clear-cut harvest (5 g N m^-2 yr^-1). Our objectives were to determine whether high rates of N leaching are sustained following harvest and whether ecosystem-specific patterns of biomass accumulation influence NO^-₃ loss. We studied two stands in each ecosystem and established four research plots in each stand; two plots were clear-cut in 1991 and two were controls. In 1996, we measured soil solution NO^-₃ concentration (1-m depth) and calculated areal losses by a water balance method. We used allometric equations to estimate woody biomass in clearcut plots; herbaceous biomass was clipped. In the sugar maple–red oak ecosystem, NO^-₃ leaching from 5-yr-old clear-cut plots (0.56 g N m^-2 yr^-1) was significantly greater than leaching from control plots (0.05 g N m^-2 yr^-1). In contrast, NO^-₃ leaching did not differ between control (0.41 g N m^-2 yr^-1) and 5-yr-old clear-cut (0.02 g N m^-2 yr^-1) in the sugar maple–basswood ecosystem; however, loss from these clear-cut plots was significantly lower than that from clear-cut sugar maple–red oak plots. Five years after harvest, 7.1 Mg ha^-1 of aboveground biomass accumulated in clear-cut sugar maple–basswood plots, almost twice that of clear-cut sugar maple–red oak plots (3.9 Mg ha^-1). Five years after harvest, the highest rates of NO^-₃ loss occurred in the sugar maple–red oak ecosystem, in which aboveground biomass accumulation was least.

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