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a Dep. of Crop Physiology and Soil Science, Danish Inst. of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
b Univ. of Bayreuth, Inst. of Soil Science and Soil Geography, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
gitte.rubaek{at}agrsci.dk
Land use and soil management affect soil organic C in whole soil and size separates, but knowledge of the accompanying soil organic P (Po) is limited. The objectives of this study were (i) to identify the structure of Po in soil size separates by solution 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, (ii) to determine the labile Po pool in the size separates by anion-exchange resin extraction, and (iii) to characterize the labile Po pool. We used soils from two long-term experimental sites, one in Bavaria (under spruce and deciduous forests, permanent grassland, and arable farming) and one in Denmark (with arable rotation and different fertilization strategies — unfertilized, mineral fertilizer, and animal manure). Total Po content increased with decreasing particle size. The dialyzed NaOH extracts of clay were enriched in microbial-derived teichoic acid-P and other diester-P forms compared with silt and sand. Clay from permanently vegetated soil had larger proportions of teichoic acid-P and other diester-P forms and was richer in resin extractable Po than clay from arable soil. There was a linear relationship between the proportion of the 31P-NMR spectra allocated to diester-P (including teichoic acid-P) and resin-Po. Our results suggest that the highly active and easily mineralized soil Po was mainly associated with clay. The larger part of the clay-associated Po was tightly bound and not extractable. Although the composition of this Po remained unknown, it was probably inaccessible to rapid microbial utilization. The composition of NaOH-extractable Po in the clay fraction was influenced to a greater extent by land use than by fertilizer inputs.
Abbreviations: 2AM, animal manure treatment • Ar, arable rotation • CEC, cation-exchange capacity • Df, deciduous forest • Gp, permanent grassland • NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance • 2NPK, inorganic fertilized treatment • Pi, inorganic P • Po, organic P • Pt, total P • Sf, spruce forest • SOM, soil organic matter • 0, unfertilized treatment
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