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DIVISION S-10-WETLAND SOILS

Phosphate Removal Capacity of Palustrine Forested Wetlands and Adjacent Uplands in Virginia

^a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Assessment Branch, 26 Federal Plaza, New York, NY 10278-0090 USA
^b Dep. of Biology, George Mason Univ., Fairfax, VA 22030-4444 USA

josephine.r.axt{at}usace.army.mil

We examined the ability of soils in six nontidal palustrine forested wetlands (PFOs) in Virginia's Piedmont (PD) and Coastal Plain (CP) to remove dissolved inorganic P from solution, and we compared the P sorption capacities of wetlands with those of streambanks (within wetlands) and adjacent uplands. We hypothesized that wetland soils would have higher P sorption capacities than streambank and upland soils due to the higher concentration of noncrystalline (oxalate-extractable) Al and Fe (Al_o and Fe_o) favored by periodic flooding. We found that P sorption capacities varied both as a function of landscape position and soil depth. Wetlands had higher P sorption capacities than uplands in surface soils (0–15 cm), while below 50 cm the relationship was reversed. Streambank areas within wetlands generally had the lowest P sorption capacities. As hypothesized, Al_o was correlated with P sorption capacity in wetland soils , but so was soil organic matter (as estimated by mass loss on ignition [LOI]) ; in fact, Al_o and organic matter were positively correlated in wetland soils . In contrast, clay and silt content were the two soil parameters most highly positively correlated with P sorption capacity in upland soils . Overall, these results suggest that differences in soil chemistry exist among landscape positions (wetland, streambank, upland) that have important implications with regard to P sorption capacity. Since wetlands and uplands may remove P from different hydrologic sources (i.e., surface runoff in wetlands and groundwater in uplands), hydrology may be a key factor in determining water quality functioning.

Abbreviations: Al_o, oxalate-extractable Al • BC, Bernard's Cabin site • BP, Berger Preserve site • CF, Catherine's Furnace site • CP, Coastal Plain • dwe, dry weight equivalent • Fe_o, oxalate-extractable Fe • HG, Hazel Grove site • LD, Lee Drive site • LOI, loss on ignition • PD, Piedmont • PFO, palustrine forested wetland • PSI, P sorption index • PVC, polyvinyl chloride • SC, Spotsylvania Courthouse site

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