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Inst. for Water Management and Landscape Ecology, Olshausenstr. 40, 24118 Kiel, Germany
Inst. for Botanic, Grimmer Str. 88, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
*Corresponding author (lennartz{at}wundl.uni-kiel.de).
ABSTRACT
Preferential flow has been identified as an important secondary process to transport through the soil matrix in controlling solute movement in soils. However, it remains unknown to what extent a fast-transporting flow regime governs solute leaching and whether it persists for various seasons at field scale. For 3 yr, KBr was applied in late autumn to the surface of a tile-drained field site (0.5 ha in size) and monitored in drain outflow for 5 mo each year. All three seasonal breakthrough curves (BTC) were dominated by an early first concentration maximum and intensive tailing, indicating preferential flow to be a strong intrinsic soil property at the experiment site. A bimodal probability density function (pdf) was adequate to describe the concentration courses of the first 2 yr of investigations. The coefficient of determination was not satisfying when the model was fitted to the BTC of the last season, which was the only one to have a distinct secondary (matrix) peak. The optimized weighting factor combining the two pdfs suggested that preferential transport mechanisms governed the flow process to about 60% during all 3 yr. Simple linear regression analysis among flow rates and solute concentrations showed that both measures increased and decreased simultaneously during the early stages of the first test, which was interpreted as a confirmation of the dominance of preferential flow. The same method, however, revealed that Br- was leached predominantly through the soil matrix during the corresponding observation period of the last season.
Received for publication July 9, 1997.
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