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Dep. of Agro-Environmental Science, Hokkaido Natl. Agric. Exp. Stn., Toyohira, Sapporo, 062, Japan
Environment Group, HortResearch Inst., Private Bag 11-030, Palmerston North, New Zealand
*Corresponding author (katouh{at}cryo.affrc.go.jp).
ABSTRACT
Andisols containing allophane and other poorly crystalline materials, carry variable surface charge, and adsorb otherwise inert anions such as Cl– and NO–3. The objective of this study was to predict composition-dependent, retarded transport of anions during unsteady water flow in an Andisol. One-dimensional absorption experiments in Kannondai subsoil (Hydric Hapludand) columns were conducted with CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, and mixed CaCl2-Ca(NO3)2 solutions at different concentrations (0.00462-0.115 mol L–1). Because of nonlinear, competitive adsorption of Cl– and NO–3 by the soil, the observed retardation of anion penetration depended on the total concentration and composition of the invading solution. Nitrate ion had a smaller affinity to the adsorption sites than Cl– (the selectivity coefficient Kv = 0.51) and showed a greater penetration in the presence of Cl–. The adsorption of Cl– and NO–3 much exceeded the concurrent SO2–4 desorption from the soil. This suggests that SO2–4 was so strongly adsorbed that exchange reaction with the invading anions proceeded only to a limited extent. Thus, the adsorption of the monovalent anions was largely due to the increase in the anion exchange capacity of the soil in response to an increase in the ionic strength of the bulk solution. An approximate theory was developed for anion transport involving competitive adsorption in which total monovalent anion adsorption, obeying a Langmuir-type equation, is allocated via Kv to the adsorption of Cl– and NO–3. Employing the adsorption parameters determined from separate steady state leaching experiments, the theory successfully described the measured anion content profiles.
Contribution from Natl. Inst. Agro-Environ. Sci. and HortResearch.
Received for publication August 7, 1995.
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