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INRA, Laboratoire de Science du Sol, Domaine St-Paul, 84914 Avignon Cédex 09, France
Centre d'applications et de recherches en télédétection (CARTEL), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K 2R1
Terrain Sciences Division, Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0E8
*Corresponding author (achanzy{at}avignon.inra.fr).
ABSTRACT
We evaluated the potential of a digital ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for soil moisture determination. Ground-penetrating radar offers a fast and nondestructive way for estimating the soil dielectric constant and may be an interesting tool for low-cost mapping of soil moisture. Two modes of operation were considered: (i) the ground mode where signal propagation between the antennas placed on the surface was studied; (ii) the airborne mode where the antennas are raised 5–15 m above the soil surface. Variables describing the GPR response were defined and related to the soil moisture. It is shown from field experiments that the GPR measurements performed at 200 MHz in both modes are mainly affected by the moisture in the 10- to 20-cm topsoil layer. In the ground mode, the obtained soil moisture error after calibration was lower than 0.03 m3/m3. In the airborne mode, soil moisture estimations were less accurate (0.046 m3/m3). The wave spreading loss characterization has to be improved to get an altitude-independent GPR measurement.
Received for publication September 5, 1994.
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