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Effect of Chloride Ions on Sodium-Calcium and Sodium-Magnesium Exchange on Montmorillonite

Dep. of Soil Science, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720

*Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

Recent theoretical and experimental studies of the effect of Cl^– ions on Na-Ca and Na-Mg exchange reactions with montmorillonite have produced conflicting data and conceptual models. A discussion is given of three of the key issues involved in this controversy with the objective of posing them more precisely as a guide to future research. The importance of clay mineral suspension characteristics (mineral purification, particle-size fraction, suspension density) is emphasized, and a charge balance condition on the surface excesses of Na⁺ and CaCl⁺ or MgCl⁺ species is pointed out. The role of anion exclusion in generating differences of adsorbed metal charge between Na- and either Ca- or Mg-montmorillonite also is clarified as it relates to exchange reactions in Cl^– vs. ClO^–₄ ionic media.

Received for publication October 18, 1990.