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Automation of Atrazine and Alachlor Extraction from Soil Using a Laboratory Robotic System

USDA-ARS Soil and Water Management Research Unit

D. D. Buhler

USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108

L. J. Jarvis

Dep. of Soil Science

D. L. Wyse

Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108

*Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

In order to analyze our ever-increasing number of samples, we developed an automated multistep procedure for the extraction of atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-[1-methyl ethyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and alachlor (2-chloro-N-[2,6-diethylphenyl]-N-[methoxymethyl] acetamide) from soil using a commercially available laboratory robotic system. The robotic system shakes the soil-extraction solvent mixture, separates solvent from soil, evaporates methanol from the solvent, performs a liquid-solid extraction on the remaining herbicide-water solution, transfers the eluate containing the herbicides and internal standard to a gas chromatograph (GC) vial, and caps the vial. Serial robotic processing of samples, compared with manual batch processing, increased sample throughput by a factor of three and decreased labor by 50%. Efficiency and precision of extraction of atrazine and alachlor increased to 89 ± 2% (robotic) from 79 ± 17% (manual). At present, the soil weight of 10 g results in a minimum detectable amount of 10 µg herbicide kg^–1 soil.

Received for publication April 9, 1990.

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