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Residual Value of Fertilizer Phosphorus in Selected Kansas Soils

National Ctr. for Toxicological Res., FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079

David A. Whitney

Agronomy Dep., Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506

David E. Kissel

Agronomy Dep., Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA

*Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

Quantification of the factors affecting availability of applied P in soils would improve fertilizer-P recommendations for maximum P efficiency. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the soil-test P drawdown with cropping, apparent fertilizer-P recovery, and plant-available P in selected Kansas soils. The 55 soils (0–15 cm layer), which ranged widely in soil-test P concentrations and other properties, received either no P or 100 mg P kg^–1 soil. Soils were cropped sequentially with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and ‘Honey Chow’ hybrid sorghum-sudan (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench). Linear P drawdown slopes (Bray and Kurtz no. 1 P/Cumulative P removal) for 20 unfertilized soils (initial Bray and Kurtz no. 1 P, >28.0 mg P kg^–1) were less than those for the same fertilized soils. The P drawdown rate for soils already high in indigenous available P was 1.4 to 1.8 times greater with P fertilization than without. Apparent fertilizer-P recovery (fertilized — unfertilized P uptake/fertilizer P added) for 48 noncalcareous soils was from 8 to 67%. Initial Bray and Kurtz no. 1 P concentration alone accurately predicted the plant-available P until the soil test dropped to 15 mg kg^–1 for 23 unfertilized soils (R² = 0.83). The R² increased to 0.91 when interacting variables of organic matter and silt were included.

Contribution no. 90-453-J from the Kansas Agric. Exp. Stn.

Received for publication April 19, 1990.