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Anionic Effects on Potassium Reactions in Variable-Charge Atlantic Coastal Plain Soils

Geo-Centers, Inc., 10903 Indian Head Hwy., Ft. Washington, MD 20744

D. L. Sparks^*

Delaware Agric. Exp. Stn., Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agric. Sciences, Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717-1303

*Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

To better understand the role anions play in the rate of cation adsorption, the effect of anions on K mobility, retention, and rate of K reactions in two variable-charge Atlantic Coastal Plain soils was investigated. The soils studied were a Rumford loamy sand (coarseloamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Hapludult) and a Kenansville loamy sand (loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Hapludult). The effects of ClO₄, Cl, SO₄, PO₄, and SiO₃ on the rate and magnitude of K adsorption on the two soils was investigated at pH 5 and 6 using a stirred-flow kinetic technique. The type of anion present had little, if any, effect on the rate of K adsorption, but had an effect on the amount of K adsorbed. In general, the amount of K adsorbed in the presence of a particular accompanying anion was of the order SiO₃ > PO₄ > SO₄ > Cl > ClO₄. When SiO₃ was the accompanying anion in a 20 mg K L^–1 solution, K adsorption on the Rumford soil was as high as 358 mg K kg^–1, vs. a K adsorption maximum of only 58 mg K kg^–1 when ClO₄ was the accompanying anion. Likewise for the Kenansville soil, the SiO₃ maximum was 321 mg K kg^–1 while the ClO₄ maximum was only 89 mg K kg^–1. These studies demonstrate the role anions play in K retention and mobility, specifically on variable-charge Atlantic Coastal Plain soils.

Published as Miscellaneous Paper no. 1342. Contribution no. 280 of the Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Agric. Exp. Stn.

Received for publication August 31, 1989.