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Hydroxy-Aluminum's Effect on Permeability of Clay-Sand Mixtures

Inst. of Soils and Water, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel

M. J. Singer

Dep. of Land, Air, and Water Resources, Univ. of California, Davis CA 95616

* Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

The effect of the hydroxyl-Al synthesis method on the hydraulic conductivity (HC) of a clay-sand mixture in the presence of hydroxy-Al was studied. Hydroxy-Al precipitates were formed by adding Al(NO₃)₃ and NaOH solutions to continuously stirred smectite suspension. Aluminum nitrate was added either before or after NaOH. When the mixtures were leached with deionized water, HC reduction was much less when Al(NO₃)₃ was added prior to rather than after NaOH. Dispersion and transport of clay from the clay-sand mixture occurred only when the NaOH was added prior to Al(NO₃)₃. The differences in behavior between the two systems is due to the location of hydroxy-Al. When Al(NO₃)₃ is added to the clay followed by NaOH, hydroxy-Al polymers interact with the clay particles to reduce swelling and dispersion. When clay and NaOH are mixed, followed by Al(NO₃)₃, precipitates form as a separate phase from the clay platelets.

Joint contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan (no. 2784-E, 1989 Series) and the Dep. of Land, Air, and Water Resources, Univ. of California, Davis.

Received for publication March 14, 1990.

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