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Broadcast and Subsurface-Banded Urea Nitrogen in Urea Ammonium Nitrate Applied to Corn

Kansas River Valley Experiment Field, Topeka, KS 66618

C. W. Raczkowski

USDA-ARS, Dep. of Plant Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Univ., Greensboro, NC 27411

D. E. Kissel

Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602

* Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

Lower yields of corn (Zea mays L.) have been reported in northeastern Kansas when urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution is broadcast incorporated rather than subsurface banded. Broadcast incorporated and subsurface-banded ¹⁵N-tagged urea in UAN were evaluated in 1982 and 1983 for N uptake by irrigated corn and N immobilization by a Eudora silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Fluventic Hapludoll). Uptake of N in corn plant components and residual inorganic and immobilized tagged urea N were measured, and an N balance calculated. Recovery of tagged urea N by all plant components was 61 and 68% for banded UAN in 1982 and 1983, respectively, but only 39 and 44% for broadcast incorporated UAN. The amount of tagged urea N immobilized in the top 90 cm of the soil profile was 58 and 14% greater with the broadcast incorporated than with the banded treatment for 1982 and 1983, respectively. Tagged urea N that was unaccounted for was 62 and 200% greater, respectively, for the 2 yr with the broadcast than with the banded applications. The difference in unaccounted-for tagged N between treatments was attributed to variations in loss by leaching. The differences in uptake of tagged urea N were attributed to a combined effect of greater soil immobilization and loss by leaching with the broadcast incorporated application.

Contribution from the Dep. of Agronomy, Kansas Agric. Exp. Stn., Kansas State Univ. Contribution no. 90-135-J.

Received for publication October 13, 1990.