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Sorption of Cadmium, Nickel, and Zinc by Kaolinite and Montmorillonite Suspensions¹

R.S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK 74820

Hinrich L. Bohn

Dep. of Soil and Water Sciences, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721

ABSTRACT

Sorption is the predominant process governing metal ion movement in soils and includes the following physical and chemical mechanisms: adsorption, precipitation and absorption. This research attempts to use the hard-soft-acid-base principle to explain sorption selectivity of the metal cations Cd, Ni and Zn by kaolinite and montmorillonite clays. The hard-soft character of the clay surfaces, which is due to their surface functional groups, may be inferred by cation sorption selectivity experiments where pH and complex ion formation are controlled and monitored. Calcium saturated clays were suspended in Ca(ClO₄)₂, CaCl₂ or CaSO₄ and spikes of the above metals as divalent cations were added and their reactivity assessed within the framework of the HSAB Principle. For kaolinite in Ca(ClO₄)₂, metal sorption followed the sequence Cd > Zn > Ni. For montmorillonite in Ca(ClO₄)₂, metal sorption followed the sequence Cd Zn > Ni. In CaCl₂ and CaSO₄, the selectivity was different due to the presence of Cl^– and SO^2–₄ which competed with the mineral surfaces for the divalent metal cations.

¹ Although the research described in this report has been funded wholly or in part by the EPA, it has not been subjected to Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred.

Contribution from the Dep. of Soil, and Water Sciences, Univ. of Arizona.

^* Corresponding author.

Received for publication October 16, 1987.

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