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Modeling the Transport of Inorganic Ions Through Undisturbed Soil Columns from Two Contrasting Watersheds

Environmental Sciences Div., Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831

*Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

The transport of several inorganic cations and anions (i.e., Mg²⁺ NH⁺₄, Br^–, NO^–₃), via saturated flow, through large undisturbed soil columns from two contrasting watersheds was investigated. The mobility of nonreactive tracers was described well with the convection-dispersion (CD) equation using flux-averaged solute detection in the effluent. Reactive tracers were also modeled well using various linear and nonlinear, equilibrium and nonequilibrium, transport codes based on the CD equation. Appropriate independent estimates of model predicted chemical retardation were possible only through experimental development of "dynamic isotherms" using a steady flow method on small undisturbed soil columns. The latter condition can accurately predict solute retardation on large soil columns, since tracer movement is largely controlled by the physical aspects of the soil (e.g., preferential flow zones). Adsorption isotherms generated on disturbed soils using a batch equilibration method, overestimated the amount of solute retardation from displacement experiments on the large undisturbed soil columns. The use of batch adsorption measurements in curve-fitting transport models to describe data from saturated column displacement experiments on undisturbed soils, may result in erroneous transport parameter estimates.

Joint contribution from Oak Ridge Nat. Lab. and Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville. This research was funded by the Ecological Research Div. of the Office of Health and Environmental Research, U.S. Dep. of Energy under contract no. DE-AC0584OR21400 with Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc.

Received for publication November 30, 1987.

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