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Reactive Characteristics of Certain Soils from South Nigeria¹

ABSTRACT

Statistical relationships were determined between soil pH, effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), surface area, and some other soil properties for selected soils of southern Nigeria. The soils were mostly hydromorphic with a pH range of 3.6 to 8.1. Exchange acidity was virtually due to exchangeable Al (r = 0.99). Negative pH values indicate a dominant silicate clay mineralogy. The pH (pH_KCl-pH_H2O) was correlated with exchangeable Na (r = –0.56), sand content (r = 0.51) and organic C (r = 0.34). Effective cation exchange capacity was low, average of 7.1 cmol_c kg^–1. No exchangeable Al was found above a soil pH (KCl) of about 4. A derived variable, CEC (difference between CEC measured at pH 8.2 and ECEC), was used as a dependent variable to test pH dependence. The variability observed in CEC values was found to be related to clay content (r = 0.65), exchangeable K (r = –0.11), and organic C (r = 0.34). A regression analysis with BET-N₂ (Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller) specific surface area as the dependent variable showed a strong relationship with clay content (r = 0.96) and pH (r = –0.44) in the best regression equation.

¹ Contribution of the Department of Soil Science, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. Approved for publication as Minnesota Agric. Exp. Stn. Journal Series no. 15842.

² Formerly, Graduate Student, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul; Lecturer, Univ. of Ife, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Professor, Soil Science Dep., Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, and Soil Scientist, IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria, respectively.

Received for publication December 24, 1984.