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Water and Chloride Movement Through a Layered Field Soil¹

ABSTRACT

Twenty porous ceramic samplers at each of four soil depths were arranged in a three-dimensional pattern to study the movement of water and Cl^- through a layered sandy loam (sandy, mesic typic Dystrochrepts) over a gravely coarse sand with a perched water table at 180 cm. All samplers were used as tensiometers during the initial phase of the experiment in which salt-free water was ponded at the soil surface. After constant flow conditions were achieved, a pulse of 0.015 M CaCl₂ solution was added to the infiltrating water and all samplers were then used to obtain soil water samples for Cl^- analysis. Variations in soil water pressure were observed to be much smaller than the variations in Cl^- concentration. Both water and Cl^- data moved downward in a general one-dimensional pattern in the finer textured surface layer and in the zone directly above the water table, whereas, the movement between these two depths was three-dimensional, i.e., by fingering.

¹ Contribution from Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, and Connecticut Agric. Exp. Stn., New Haven, CT 06504.

² Soil Scientist, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705; Professor, Dep. of Agricultural Engineering, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853; and Chief Soil Chemist, Connecticut Agric. Exp. Stn., New Haven, CT 06504, respectively.

Received for publication November 25, 1985.

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