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Soil-Solution Phase Interactions of Basic Cations in Long-Term Tillage Systems¹

ABSTRACT

Representative soil samples were collected from a field experiment that was established in the spring of 1970, involving treatments of no-till with 336 kg ha^–1 N applied annually, a no-till control (no N fertilizer) and conventional tillage with no N fertilizer. Soil-solution exchange phase interactions were studied by analysis of saturation extracts. Analyses were made after applications of KCl fertilizer at rates of 0.97, 1.94, 4.46, 8.82 mmols kg^–1 soil and a constant application of NH₄Cl at 5.55 mmols kg^–1 soil. The major difference in soil properties among the treatments was in the organic matter content of 60.0, 44.6, and 21.6 g kg^–1 at 0 to 50 mm depth for the no-till-high N, no-till-control and conventional tillage with no N, respectively. Results of the study also demonstrate that no-till-high N maintained a higher concentration of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺ and NH⁺₄ in both the solution and exchange phase. Exchange sites of soils under no-tillage management exhibited lower affinity for K⁺ and NH⁺₄ than do soils under conventional tillage. This lower affinity appeared to be correlated with the greater organic matter content of the no-till soil. Upon increased application rates of potassium, a greater proportion of the total NH⁺₄ remained in the solution phase of the no-till than that of the conventional tillage soil system. The data also show that with increasing amounts of organic matter associated with the no-till, the selectivity coefficient for the ammonium-potassium interaction shifts in favor of potassium.

¹ Contribution from the Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Kentucky Agric. Exp. Stn., Lexington. The investigation reported in this paper (no. 83-3-193) is in connection with a project of the Kentucky Agric. Exp. Stn. and is published with the approval of the director.

² Assistant Professor and Professor, respectively. Dep. of Agron., Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091.

Received for publication October 5, 1983. Accepted for publication October 8, 1984.

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