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ABSTRACT
A soil test for N availability to corn (Zea mays L.), NO-3- to 30cm when plants are 15 to 30 cm tall, was evaluated on a wide range of soils at 33 locations in Vermont and one in New York state. The NO-3-N present at the time of sampling is a result of an integration of all the soil and weather factors that have influenced the availability of N prior to the time for sidedress fertilizer application. There was a typical response relationship between soil test NO-3-N and corn silage yield on plots that only received limited amounts of starter N fertilizer at planting. The Cate-Nelson procedure for NO-3-N vs relative yield (yield without sidedress N/yield with sidedress N) indicated that there was a greater probability of response to N fertilizer when NO-3-N was less than 36 kg ha–1 than at higher soil test values. The currently used N fertilizer recommendation procedure is based on estimates derived from cropping history, yield goal, soil type, and manure management information provided by farmers. Compared with the current method of estimating N fertilizer needs, recommendations based on the NO-3-N soil test call for much less N fertilizer application and are more accurate in separating sites with varying response probabilities. As a routine laboratory procedure, the proposed test has numerous advantages over other N availability procedures. However, special procedures are needed, including rapid soil treatment after sampling (to eliminate N transformations), sampling the soil at a different time than for the usual soil test, and a rapid sample turnaround time in the laboratory.
1 Vermont Agric. Exp. Stn. Journal no. 565.
2 Associate Professor, Research Associate, and former Research Associate, Dept. of Plant and Soil Science, Univ. of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405.
Received for publication February 23, 1984. Accepted for publication July 11, 1984.
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