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A Numerical Study of Raindrop Impact Phenomena: The Elastic Deformation Case¹

ABSTRACT

Understanding the deformation processes of soil material under raindrop impact is a basic step in studying soil resistance against particle detachment by raindrop splash. To simulate the deformation pattern of a solid material under impact, we used the finite difference technique to solve the dynamic equation of linear elasticity. The selected material properties resembled soil media of wide ranges of elasticity. Two types of impact loading were imposed: a steady, uniform load and a simulated raindrop impact load. Materials responded differently under these loading conditions and showed dissimilar deformation patterns. For a material with low modulus of elasticity, a uniform depression was found under steady, uniform load, while a cone-shaped depression was shown under simulated raindrop impact. The shape of the surface deformation gave us insight into the mechanism of material detachment. The interaction of the lateral jet stream and the obstacles in its course are believed to be the major factor in determining the material detachment. The obstacles can be the sides of the cavity or the irregularities on the granular material itself.

¹ Contribution from the USDA-ARS in cooperation with the Agronomy Dep., Purdue Univ. Journal no. 9145.

² Former Graduate Assistant, Soil Scientist, USDA-ARS, and Associate Professor, Dep. of Agronomy, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907. The Senior Author is now Research Associate, Dep. of Hydrology and Water Resources, Univ. of Arizona, AZ 85721.

Received for publication August 31, 1982. Accepted for publication May 16, 1983.

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