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Geomorphic Surfaces and Soils in the Camas Prairie Area, Washington¹

ABSTRACT

The geomorphic surfaces and soils in the Camas Prairie Area, Washington, are described for the first time. Volcanic ash from Mount St. Helens and Mount Mazama has mantled the landforms and has influenced the original soils, which formed primarily in alluvial, colluvial, and lacustrine deposits. The presence of amorphous material and contrasting sediments in several of the soils has modified the usual reflection of geomorphic age in the degree of soil development. The radiocarbon age of 10,210 ± 90 y.a. of huried material in the Conboy soil and the identification of tephra from Mount St. Helens and Mount Mazama indicate a depositional sequence on surfaces ranging in age from 500 to < 13,000 years. Topographic position, tephra identification, and relative and absolute ages are used to identify the five geomorphic surfaces. These relationships, along with horizon sequences and landform features, are used to correlate the surfaces with those of similar age in western Oregon.

¹ Contribution from the Soil Conservation Service. Presented to Div. S-5, Soil Sci. Soc. of Am. at Detroit, 1 Dec. 1980.

² Soil Survey Party Leader, Bellingham, Wash., and Research Soil Scientist, SCS-West National Technical Center, Portland, Oreg.

Received for publication April 23, 1982. Accepted for publication November 8, 1982.