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ABSTRACT
A greenhouse experiment was conducted with six acid soils from southern Brazil to investigate the effect of available Al on growth and mineral nutrition of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings. Coffee seedlings were grown for 7 months in pots containing soil treated with varying amounts of CaCO3 up to twice the lime equivalent, and amounts of MgCO3 and CaSO4·2H2O equal to the lime equivalent. Leaf samples were collected immediately before harvesting the seedlings and analyzed for Ca and Al. At this time, soil was collected from each pot and analyzed for exchangeable cations and soluble ions. The chemical composition of the soil solution was used as input data for a computer program (GEOCHEM) to chemically speciate Al in the soil solutions. Shoot and root weights were correlated with KCl-exchangeable Al of soil, percent Al saturation of soil, the concentrations of total Al (Alt) and Al3+ (calculated), and the activity of Al3+ (calculated) in the soil solution. Growth reductions of the seedlings correlated best with the Al3+ activity value. The toxicity threshold for the Al3+ activity was approximately 4.0 x 10–6. Leaf Al concentrations likewise correlated best with Al3+ activity. Threshold leaf Al concentrations of approximately 62 and 100 µg/g, respectively, were observed for reduction in root and shoot growth.
1 Contribution from the Dep. of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521. Part of a thesis submitted by the Senior Author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. Degree at the Univ. of California, Riverside. Presented in part to Div. S-4, Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 30 Nov. 1981, in Atlanta, Ga.
2 Former Graduate Student, Professor, and Professor, respectively. The Senior Author's address is: Instituto Agrônomico do Paraná (IAPAR), C.P. 1331, Londrina, Brazil.
Received for publication February 22, 1982. Accepted for publication July 19, 1982.
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