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New Methods of Studying Soil Detachment due to Waterdrop Impact¹

ABSTRACT

An improved and inexpensive raindrop tower 8.9 m in height was designed so that a single drop will hit a soil target area 1.6 cm in diameter. The soil used in this study was taken from the surface 15 cm of an Ida silt loam (mesic Typic Udorthents). The surface shear strength was altered by remolding the soil to three bulk densities and by equilibrating the cores to matric potentials of –5, –19, –38, and –62 mbars. The weight of soil detached from the impact of single water-drops 3.0, 4.6, and 5.6 mm in diameter was closely correlated with the undrained soil shear strength as measured by the Swedish fall-cone device. A correlation coefficient of 0.97 was found between splash weight and a linear function of the ratio of waterdrop kinetic energy to the soil shear strength. The fall-cone method of determining soil shearing strength is rapid, inexpensive, and could be easily adapted to field use.

¹ Contribution from USDA-SEA-AR in cooperation with the Purdue Agric. Exp. Stn. Journal Paper no. 8341. The Senior Author's salary was from the Ministry of Higher Ed. and Scientific Research, Baghdad, Iraq.

² Graduate Student, Dep. of Agron., Purdue Univ., and Soil Scientist, USDA-SEA-AR, Dep. of Agron., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907.

Received for publication March 13, 1981. Accepted for publication June 15, 1981.

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